Among the many problematic invasive social insects, the western yellowjacket ( Vespula pensylvanica ) represents an emerging and harmful introduction. Because Hawaii lacks any native eusocial insects, the invasion of V. pensylvanica poses a potentially de
Among the many problematic invasive social insects, the western yellowjacket ( Vespula pensylvanica ) represents an emerging and harmful introduction. Because Hawaii lacks any native eusocial insects, the invasion of V. pensylvanica poses a potentially de
Among the many problematic invasive social insects, the western yellowjacket ( Vespula pensylvanica ) represents an emerging and harmful introduction. Because Hawaii lacks any native eusocial insects, the invasion of V. pensylvanica poses a potentially de